Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Hepatic thyroid hormone signalling modulates glucose homeostasis through the regulation of GLP-1 production via bile acid-mediated FXR antagonism

doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34258-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: a – c Relative mRNA levels of ileal Gcg ( a , n = 5–6), plasma active GLP-1, plasma insulin and blood glucose levels ( b , n = 5–6), oGTT (left) and the AUC for oGTT ( c , n = 5) in MMI mice with or without 5 days of TβMCA treatment as indicated. d Plasma active GLP-1, plasma insulin and blood glucose levels in MMI mice treated with T3 and CA for 5 days as indicated ( n = 5). e GLP-1 concentration in the supernatants of STC-1 cells ( n = 3), NCI-H716 cells ( n = 3) and mouse intestinal organoids ( n = 4) were measured after TβMCA treatment. f Images of CT and TβMCA-treated organoids. Scale bar: 100 μm. g Representative IF staining of GLP-1 (green) and DAPI (blue) staining of mouse intestinal organoids treated with or without TβMCA. Scale bar: 70 μm. h GLP-1 concentration in the supernatants of NCI-H716 cells treated with CT, or CDCA alone or together with other FXR-antagonistic BAs as indicated ( n = 3 biologically independent experiments). oGTT oral GTT. Means ± SEM are shown. P values were calculated by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. ns not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: The cells were treated with BAs (100 μM, 24 h), including CDCA, TβMCA, HDCA (T2968, TargetMol) and UDCA (T0700, TargetMol), for GLP-1 measurement and RNA isolation.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Staining, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Parenteral lipids shape gut bile acid pools and microbiota profiles in the prevention of cholestasis in preterm pigs [S]

doi: 10.1194/jlr.RA120000652

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bile acid concentrations in gallbladder contents of preterm piglets after 22 days

Article Snippet: The free and conjugated bile acid concentrations in samples were determined by reverse isotope dilution methodology using internal standards of d9-chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and d9-glyco-CDCA (Cambridge Isotopes, Andover, MA).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Parenteral lipids shape gut bile acid pools and microbiota profiles in the prevention of cholestasis in preterm pigs [S]

doi: 10.1194/jlr.RA120000652

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colonic contents bile acid profiles and relative ratios of conjugated to unconjugated bile acids. A: Heatmap showing profiles of bile acid species detected in samples from colon contents, with bile acid species arranged by hierarchical clustering. Values are relative standardized units (dimensionless). B: Relative ratios of total conjugated (both glyco- and tauro-conjugated) to unconjugated chenodeoxycholate (CDCA), hyocholate (HCA), and hyodeoxycholate (HDCA) found in colon contents samples. Values are ratios of relative standardized units (dimensionless). Bars represent standard error. *P < 0.05 versus ENT, #P < 0.05 versus IL (Holm-adjusted pairwise t-tests).

Article Snippet: The free and conjugated bile acid concentrations in samples were determined by reverse isotope dilution methodology using internal standards of d9-chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and d9-glyco-CDCA (Cambridge Isotopes, Andover, MA).

Techniques:

Journal: JCI Insight

Article Title: Lipidomics unveils lipid dyshomeostasis and low circulating plasmalogens as biomarkers in a monogenic mitochondrial disorder

doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.123231

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–D) LC-QTOF–based untargeted lipidomics from livers of fed H-Lrpprc–/– mice (n = 13) and their littermate controls (n = 8). (A) Volcano plot depicting the 1,386 features obtained following MS data processing. Using a P-corr threshold of 0.05 (corresponding to an uncorrected P value of 0.015; horizontal red dotted line) and an FC >2.5 or <0.4 (vertical red dotted lines), 92 features significantly discriminated H-Lrpprc–/– mice vs. controls, of which 60 were increased (red dots) and 32 decreased (green dots). See also Supplemental Table 3 for the list of lipids identified by MS/MS with FCs and P values (unpaired Student’s t test and with Benjamini-Hochberg correction). (B–D) Dot plots of selected lipids significantly discriminating H-Lrpprc–/– mice from controls and identified by MS/MS. Each dot represents a log2-transformed signal intensity ratio for the indicated lipid (sub)classes with their acyl side chain(s): (B) 15 glycerolipids (TGs); (C) 22 glycerophospholipids: 9 PC, 9 PE, 2 phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and 2 phosphatidylserine (PS); and (D) 4 ACs.

Article Snippet: Briefly, plasma samples or pulverized liver tissues previously freeze-clamped (20 mg) were homogenized in methanol/water (80:20, v/v) spiked with deuterated standards ([ 2 H 4 ]lithocholic acid, d 4 -LCA; [ 2 H 4 ]cholic acid, d 4 -CA; [ 2 H 4 ]chenodeoxycholic acid, d 4 -CDCA; [ 2 H 4 ]deoxycholic-2,2,4,4-d 4 acid, d 4 -DCA); [ 2 H 4 ]glycodeoxycholic acid, d 4 -GDCA; [ 2 H 4 ]glycochenodeoxycholic acid, d 4 -GCDCA; and [ 2 H 4 ]glycocholic acid, d 4 -GCA) (CDN Isotopes) and then acidified with HCl (1 mM) before homogenization and centrifugation.

Techniques: Tandem Mass Spectroscopy, Transformation Assay